A foundation course in chemistry
for students of agriculture and technology
From Introduction:
The scope and purpose of this book are 'indicated in the title. It is intended to give the student such assistance as can be obtained from books in acquiring knowledge of those fundamental facts and general. principles of chemistry upon which the superstructure of agricultural chemistry or other technical application must necessarily rest.
Though many excellent works on chemistry have been published in recent years, few, if any, have been expressly designed to meet, or are exactly suited to, the requirements of this large and increasing class of students.
In the present volume, the authors have attempted to emphasise those aspects of the subject which are of special importance to such students, while others have been treated in sufficient detail to enable the general principles to be securely grasped. In order to avoid the mischievous tabulation of disconnected facts, matters of purely technical interest have been as far as possible omitted from the text; but numerous footnotes have been added, pointing out the application of the general principles to commercial and industrial processes.
These notes should add to the interest of the work and, to a certain extent, give points to the students' reading. The arrangement of the matter is perhaps somewhat unconventional. The underlying idea is to take advantage of that which the student already knows regarding the common things of life, the things with which everyone is more or less familiar, to formulate this knowledge, extend it, and incorporate the whole in a homogeneous system.
The plan is based upon courses of lectures given by the authors during a period extending over many years. They believe it to be theoretically sound; in practice, it has proved efficacious. The phraseology employed is the simplest that could be used consistently with accuracy and clearness, and all technical terms are fully explained. It is hoped that the book will prove useful to students attending " short courses " in agriculture, horticulture and dairying, as well as to those preparing for College and other diplomas, in these subjects, e.g. the N.D.A., N.D.D., also to those who are attending educational courses in hygiene and domestic economy, and in fact to all who take up the study of chemistry as a preliminary to some technical or commercial pursuit. At the end of the book is placed a selection of questions and problems.
These of course are not exhaustive but are intended to fix the attention of the student upon those portions of his work that are of fundamental importance.
CHAPTER I
MATTER AND ENERGY
MATTER AND ENERGY
Nature and Relationship of Matter and Energy Physical and Chemical Change Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures. , I
CHAPTER II ; AIR
A Mixture of Oxygen and Nitrogen Other Constituents Solubility
A typical Gas Properties of Gases Temperature and Pressure Correction of Volume . 7
A typical Gas Properties of Gases Temperature and Pressure Correction of Volume . 7
CHAPTER III
THE CHIEF GASES OF THE ATMOSPHERE
THE CHIEF GASES OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Oxygen Combustion Respiration Oxidation and Reduction
Oxides Preparation of Oxygen Commercial Oxygen Ozone Nitrogen Occurrence, Properties, and Preparation ... 15
Oxides Preparation of Oxygen Commercial Oxygen Ozone Nitrogen Occurrence, Properties, and Preparation ... 15
CHAPTER IV
WATER
WATER
Natural Waters Impurities Filtration Distillation Physical Properties Solvent Action Crystallisation Drinking Waters
Chemical Composition,, 33
Chemical Composition,, 33
CHAPTER V
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN
Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties .... 32
CHAPTER VI
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Nomenclature Symbolic Notation Laws of Chemical Combination
Atomic Theory Formulae and Equations Valency Calculation of Quantities by Weight and Volume 37
Atomic Theory Formulae and Equations Valency Calculation of Quantities by Weight and Volume 37
CHAPTER VII
OXIDES, ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS
Characteristic Properties of Acids and Bases Salts Monobasic and Dibasic Acids Normal, Neutral, Acid, and Basic Salts Peroxides Electrolysis and Ionic Dissociation 53
CHAPTER VIII
LIMESTONE
LIMESTONE
Chalk, Limestone, and Marble Occurrence Formation Lime-burning Quick-lime Slaked Lime Mortar Portland Cement Calcium Salts Carbide Carbon Dioxide Hardness
of Water Commercial Carbon Dioxide Ventilation ... 64
of Water Commercial Carbon Dioxide Ventilation ... 64
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