Biographical dictionary of modern rationalists - PDF by Joseph McCabe

A Biographical dictionary of modern rationalists From Introduction: the term " Rationalist " first appears in English letters abou...

A Biographical dictionary of modern rationalists


A Biographical dictionary of modern rationalists


From Introduction:

the term " Rationalist " first appears in English letters about the middle of the seventeenth century (Clarendon, State Papers, II, App. XL). It denotes a sect who follow " what their reason dictates to them in Church or State." Bacon had a little earlier {Apophthegms, II, § 21) applied the term " Rationals " to the philosophers who sought to attain truth by deductions from the first principles which reason was supposed to perceive rather than by induction from the observed facts of nature. In neither sense did the term pass into general currency at the time; but in the course of the nineteenth century, it has been adopted as the most fitting name for those who uphold what is vaguely called the supremacy of reason in the discovery and establishment of truth. 

The technical use of the term in philosophy is not regarded in the compilation of this Dictionary. It still denotes, in the Baconian sense, those who advocate deductive and transcendental rather than inductive or empirical systems of thought. But, since induction is no less a process of reason than deduction, the distinction is not happily framed, and it does little more than designate the tendency to attach value to metaphysical speculation as distinct from the empirical or scientific study of nature. The modern Rationalist may choose either method in separate fields of investigation,. 

His characteristic is that in the ascertainment of fact he affirms the predominance and validity of reason over revelation, authority, faith, emotion, or instinct; and general usage has now confined the term to those who urge this predominance of reason in regard to the Christian religion. 

In matters of State, the rights of reason are theoretically admitted. Rationalism is therefore primarily a mental attitude, not a creed or a definite body of negative conclusions. 

No uniformity of opinions must be sought in the thousands of men and women of cultural distinction who are here included in a common category. 

The one link is that they uphold the right of reason against the authority of Church or tradition; they discard the idea of revelation as a source of truth, and they deny the authority of a Church or creed or tradition to confine the individual judgment. 

Yet this common link is overlaid in this series of little biographies with so much variety of opinion, and the title to be called Rationalist in this sense is now so frequently claimed by men who linger in some branch of the Christian Church, that a more precise statement is needed. nationalism has, like every other idea or institution, evolved; and the earlier phases of its evolution still live, in some measure, side by side with more advanced stages of rebellion. 

The variety of types included in this work, and the principle of selection, thus become intelligible. It includes Theists (when they do not conform to the authority of any branch of the Christian Church), Pantheists, Agnostics, and the few who prefer to be called Atheists. It includes distinguished Secularists, Positivists, Monists, and Ethicists. But amid this variety, there is a steady progression that is obscured by the need to arrange the names in alphabetical order. Only about a hundred names are chosen for the period before the French Revolution, and they are overwhelmingly Deists. 

Possibly some two hundred names then belong to the period between the French Revolution and the middle of the nineteenth century, and already a material change can be detected in the list. The Deists sink into a minority, while Pantheists and Non-Theists increase. The vast majority of the names in the work belong to this and the last generation, and they are predominantly the names of Agnostics, Positivists, Monists, and others who do not accept any fundamental religious beliefs.

the book details :
  • Author: Joseph McCabe
  • Publication date: 1920
  • Company: London - Watts

  • Download 26.6 MB
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    1925,3,A. P. Chekhov,1,Abraham Lincoln,1,Abraham lincoln,1,Accounting,2,Acting,7,Actors,2,Actress,2,Adventure,16,Advertising,13,aesthetics,2,Agatha Christie,2,Agriculture,3,Airplane,1,Akhnaton,1,Alberta distance Learning,1,Alchemy,2,Aldous Huxley,1,Alexander the great,1,Alexandre Dumas,7,Algebra,1,Algernon Blackwood,1,Alice's adventures in wonderland,1,American History,26,Anarchism,8,Anarchy,5,Anatomy,1,Ancient Egypt,19,Ancient Greece,15,Ancient History,49,Ancient Rome,4,Andrew Lang,2,Andrew Loomis,1,Anger Management,1,Animal magnetism,1,Animals,17,Animism,1,Anthropology,54,Applied Psychology,15,Arab History,10,Arabian Nights,1,Arabic books كتب عربى,2,Arabic Language,1,Arabic Literature,4,architecture,10,Aristocracy,1,Aristotle,3,Art,10,Art and Crafts,76,Arthur Conan Doyle,3,Arts,3,Asia,1,Astrology,5,astronomy,3,Atheism,43,Atlantis,7,Atomic,1,Audiobooks,26,August Strindberg,1,Auguste Comte,1,Autosuggestion,5,Bacteriology,1,Bahaism,1,Banks and banking,3,Bees,1,Bertha von Suttne,1,Bertrand Russell,8,Best New books,1,Bible,6,Bicycle,1,Biography,157,Biography and Memoirs,115,Biology,23,Birds,4,Black History,1,Book Suggestion,3,Botany,3,Botany and Plants,3,Brainwashing,2,Bram Stoke,1,Bram Stoker,2,Brazil,1,Buddhism,20,Business,115,Business plan,1,C. Alphonso Smith,2,Cairo,1,Calculus,2,Capitalism,1,Caricatures,2,Carl Jung,2,Carpentry,2,Celtic,1,cement,1,Characters and characteristics,8,Charles Darwin,3,Charles Dickens,17,Charles Lewis Hind,1,Chemistry,13,Chess,6,Chicken,2,Children Books,13,China,7,Chinese Language,4,Chinese Literature,1,Chinese Philosophy,7,Chiropractic,2,Christianity,18,Christians,1,Christopher Columbus,1,Cicero,2,Civil war,1,Civilization,19,Clairvoyance,1,Classic Books,237,Classic Movies,1,Clea,1,Cleopatra,1,Climate,1,Clothes,2,Coffee,1,Collection,60,Comedy,1,Comic Book,8,commerce,2,Communism,2,compartive religion,6,Computer and Programming,2,Confucius,1,Conspiracy,1,Cooking,10,Cooperation,2,Corliss Lamont,1,Cosmology,2,Courage,3,Crausders,1,Crimes,17,Criticism,14,Crusaders,2,Crusades,3,Cynicism,1,D.H. 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Haddock,1,Frank Harris,1,Frank L. Packard,1,Franz Kafka,1,Frederick Douglass,1,Free Will,2,Freemasonry,12,freethought,20,French,10,French History,39,French Literature,3,French Revolution,13,French-français,2,Friedrich Nietzsche,4,Full Audiobooks,7,Furniture,4,Fyodor Dostoevsky,2,Fyodor Dostoyevsky,5,G. K. Chesterton,1,Gadsby,1,Gallery,1,Gambling,1,Games,7,Gassendi,1,Genetics,1,Geography,3,Geology,4,George Berkeley,1,George de Horne Vaizey,1,George Gissing,1,George Santayana,2,German History,1,German Language,6,German philosophy,2,Ghost,1,Giulio Carcano,1,God,3,Gothic,6,Grammar,1,Grant Allen,2,Greece,2,Greek History,16,Greek Language,2,Greek Mythology,1,Greek Philosophy,19,Grocery,1,Gustave Le Bon,1,Guy de Maupassant,1,H. G. Wells,1,H.G. Wells,4,Habit,1,Hallucinations,1,Hand reading,1,Happiness,2,Harvard Classics,3,Health,14,Heath,1,Hebrew,3,Hegel,1,Henry Rider Haggard,4,heraldry,1,Herbs,1,Hermetic,7,Hinduism,7,Historical Novel,56,History,435,History Japan,1,Hobbies,1,Holland,1,Home and Garden,2,Homer,1,horology,2,Horror,8,How-to Books,2,Hstory,1,Humanism,7,Humanity,1,Humor,6,Hungarian Language,2,hurricanes,1,hypnotism,2,Idealism,1,Immanuel Kant',1,Immigration,1,Indian,1,Indian History,7,Indian Philosophy,6,Individualism,1,Individuality,1,Industry & Products,36,Inferno,1,Ingersoll,2,Insects,2,Investment,6,Ireland,5,Irish History,6,Irish Language,1,Isaac Asimov,1,Islam,17,Italian books,2,Italian Language,8,Italian Literature,1,Italy,1,J. M Robertson,1,J. M. Robertson,1,Jack London,13,James Allen,2,James Joyce,1,Jane Austen,1,Japan,3,Japanese,2,Japanese Language,1,Japanese literature,1,Japanese Manga,1,Jean-Jacques Rousseau,2,Jewish,1,Jews,2,Jiddu Krishnamurti,6,Jobs,6,John Dewey,1,John Dos Passos,1,John Meade Falkner,1,Joseph Conrad,3,Joseph McCabe,1,Journalism,6,Judism,2,Jules Verne,2,Julius Caesar,1,Kabbalah,2,Karma,1,Knowlege,1,Knut Hamsun,1,Kon Tiki,1,Koran,1,Korean Language,2,l,2,Latin Language,3,Law,2,Law of Attraction,2,Learn English,64,Learn French,11,Learn German,6,Learn Italian,6,Learn Languages,101,Learn Spanish,10,Learn Thai,4,Legends,2,Leo Tolstoy,5,Lettering,1,libro italiano,2,libros españoles,4,Linguistics,4,Lionheart,1,Literature,47,Liverpool,1,Logic,31,London,1,Lucian,1,Lucretius,5,Ludovico di Varthema,1,Magazines,5,Maggie,1,Magic,6,Magic Tricks,4,magnetism,3,Management,1,Marcus Aurelius,8,Mark Twain,6,Marketing,29,Marquis de Sade,1,Martial and Self-Defense,6,Marxism,1,Masonic,2,Materialism,5,Mathematics,10,Maxims,8,Maya,1,Mechanics,1,Medical,7,Medicine,1,Mentalism,4,Middle Ages,9,Militarism,1,Military,2,Mind,5,Moby Dick,1,Modern History,22,Modern Philosophy,86,Money,17,Mongol,1,Monism,1,Music,7,Mustafa Kemal,1,Mystery,4,Mysticism,4,Mythology,10,Mythology and Folklore,88,Naples,1,Napoleon,9,National characteristics,1,Nationalism,1,Native American,1,Natural History,5,Natural Philosophy,7,Naturalism,10,Nature,8,Netherlands,2,New Thought Movement,10,New York,1,Niccolo Machiavelli,2,Nietzsche,4,Nirvana,2,Norway,1,Norwegian Language,1,Nostradamus,2,Novels,487,O. CHenry,1,Occultism,171,Ontology,7,Opinions,1,Orations,1,Orison Swett Marden,5,Ornaments,6,Ornithology,1,Outlaws,1,Pain,1,painting,9,pandemic,1,pantheism,1,Parapsychology,2,Paris,1,People Reading,2,Perception,2,Persia,1,Personal Memoirs,4,Peru,1,Pessimism,7,Pharmacognosy,1,Philosophy,390,phonetics,3,Photography,1,Physics,22,Physiology,2,pigeon,1,pinned,1,Planting,1,Plato,10,Plays,16,Poetry,19,Poker,3,Political,108,Political economy,5,Portability,1,Portuguese,1,Poultry,4,Practical Philosophy,3,Pragmatism,3,Prison,3,Probabilities,1,Prophecy,1,Prose,1,Proverbs,1,Psychiatry,1,Psychoanalysis,9,Psychology,122,Ptolemaic,1,Public Speaking,9,Punctuation,3,Puppet-plays,1,Pyschology,2,Pythagoras,1,Quantum Physics,1,Queen Moo,1,Quotations,30,Quran,2,Races,4,Radio,1,Radium,1,Rationalism,26,Reading,15,Real estate,1,Reality,2,Recipes,1,Reference,1,Reincarnation,1,Relativity,4,Religions,239,Revolution,2,Rhetoric,1,Richard Hughes,1,Rider Haggard,1,Robert Hichens,4,Robin Hood,1,Roman Empire,10,Roman history,21,Romance,21,Romania,1,Roses,1,Rudolf Christoph Eucken,2,Rudyard Kipling,1,Russia,1,Russian History,5,Russian Language,2,Russian revolution,4,Sacred Texts,6,Sagas,1,Saladin,2,salesman,1,salesmanship,17,Satire,3,Sayings,5,Schopenhauer,8,Science,84,Science Fiction,42,Scotland,1,Sculpture,8,Secret Society,1,Secret Teachings,4,Self-culture,1,Self-Defense,1,Self-Help,218,Selling,46,Seneca,3,Sewing,2,Sex Education,3,Sexuality,17,Shakespeare,7,Shamanism,3,Shaw Desmond,1,Sherlock Holmes,3,Short Stories,34,Sigmund Freud,5,Silk,1,slang,1,Slang American,1,Slavery,4,Small Business,6,Sndbad,1,Social Class,3,Social history,2,Social Justice,1,Social Life,6,Social problems,5,Social psychology,6,Social Study,3,Socialism,13,Sociology,35,Socrates,3,Spanish books,5,Spanish Language,10,Speculation,2,Speeches,2,Spinoza,2,Spiritualism,13,Sport,4,Stars,1,Statics,1,Statistics,3,Stella Benson,1,Stephen Crane,1,Stock Market,1,Stoicism,31,Strength,1,Strikes,1,Study Skill,19,Success,35,Sufism,2,Supernatural,1,Superstition,1,Survival,2,Swedish Language,1,Swindler,1,Symbolism,2,Tamil,1,Tea,2,Teach yourself,357,Thai books -,3,Thai Language,5,Thailand History,2,The West,1,Theology,4,Theory of Knowledge,4,Theosophy,7,Theosophy. Religions,1,Thriller,1,Timothy Leary,2,Timothy Leary,1,Titanic,2,Totemism,1,Tramp,6,Travel,52,Tunis,1,Turkey,1,Typhoon,1,UK,1,Upton Sinclair,4,Utilitarianism,6,Utopia,16,Value,3,Victor Hugo,2,Viking,1,Voltaire,4,W. Somerset Maugham,3,Wang Yangming,1,War,24,William James,4,William Thackeray,1,William Walker Atkinson,5,Wine,1,Woman,1,Women,3,wood,1,Workers,2,Working Class,2,World War,3,Worry,1,Writer,13,Writing,42,Yoga,3,Zarathustra,1,Zen,5,Zoology,23,
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