Primitive culture 
Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art, and Custom" is a seminal work by Edward Burnett Tylor, first published in 1920. Tylor, a pioneering anthropologist, delves into the origins and evolution of human culture, exploring the fundamental aspects that shape societies around the world.
The book begins by examining the concept of "primitive culture" and its significance in understanding the development of human civilization. Tylor argues that all societies, regardless of their level of technological advancement, share common characteristics rooted in a universal human nature. He explores the role of mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art, and custom in shaping the beliefs and practices of different cultures.
Tylor's research is based on extensive fieldwork and comparative analysis of diverse societies, drawing on examples from ancient civilizations to contemporary indigenous tribes. He traces the evolution of religious beliefs, from animism and polytheism to monotheism, and explores the ways in which myths and rituals reflect the social and psychological needs of a community.
The book also delves into the development of language and its role in shaping cultural identity and communication. Tylor examines the origins of language, the evolution of writing systems, and the ways in which language reflects and influences social structures and worldviews.
In addition, Tylor explores the significance of art and symbolism in primitive cultures, highlighting the ways in which artistic expression reflects cultural values and beliefs. He discusses the role of art in religious rituals, storytelling, and social cohesion, and examines the ways in which art serves as a form of cultural expression and communication.
Throughout the book, Tylor emphasizes the interconnectedness of different aspects of culture, arguing that mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art, and custom are all intertwined and shape the way societies perceive and interact with the world. He challenges the notion of "primitive" cultures as inferior or less developed, instead highlighting the richness and complexity of diverse cultural traditions.
"Primitive Culture" is a groundbreaking work that continues to influence anthropological research and our understanding of human culture. Tylor's insights into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art, and custom provide a comprehensive framework for studying the complexities of human societies and the ways in which culture shapes our beliefs, behaviors, and identities.
Primitive Culture Volume onePrimitive Culture Volume two