A beginner's history of philosophy two volumes
The book is in two volumes: the first volume illustrates Ancient philosophy and the second concerning the modern philosophy
This book is intended as a textbook for sketch- courses in the history of philosophy. It is written for the student rather than for the teacher. It is a history of philosophy upon the background of geography and of literary and political history. As a textbook for sketch courses, it employs summaries, tables, and other generalizations help to with memory.
The philosophical teaching is presented as simply as possible, so as to bring into prominence only the leading doctrines. My own personal criticism and interpretation on the one hand, and explanations in technical language on the other, have been avoided as far as possible.
Sometimes I have had to choose between interpretation and technicality, in which case the limitations of space have determined my choice. Since the book is intended for the student rather than for the teacher, it makes the teacher all the more necessary; for it puts into the hands of the student an outline and into the hands of the teacher the classroom time for inspiring the student with his own interpretations. In making use of geographical maps, contemporary literature, and political history, this book is merely utilised for pedagogical reasons the stock of information with which the college student is furnished when he begins the history of philosophy.
A good many years of experience in teaching history of philosophy to beginners have convinced me that students come to the subject with four classes of ideas, with which they can correlate philosophic doctrines: good geographical knowledge, some historical and some literary knowledge, and many undefined personal philosophical opinions.
Of course, their personal philosophical opinions form the most important group, but more as something to be clarified by the civilizing influence of the subject than as an approach to the subject itself. The only "memory-hooks" upon which the teacher may expect to hang philosophic doctrines are the student s ideas of history, literature, and geography.
If the history of philosophy is treated only as a series of doctrines, the student beginning the subject feels not only that the land is strange, but that he is a stranger in it. Besides, to isolate the historical philosophical doctrines is to give the student a wrong historical perspective, since philosophic thought and contemporary events are two inseparable aspects of history. Each interprets the other, and neither can be correctly understood without the other. If the history of philosophy is to have any significance for the beginner, it must be shown to give meaning to history.
Highlights of the contents
Volume I — Ancient Philosophy (625 B.C.–476 A.D.)
Introduction
- The Three General Periods of the History of Philosophy — p.1
- Comparative Lengths of the Three General Periods — p.1
- Real Differences Between the Three General Periods — p.1
- Table of the Subdivisions of the Three General Periods — p.4
Book I. Ancient Philosophy
Chapter I. The Early Greek in Ancient Philosophy — p.5
- Divisions of Ancient Philosophy — p.5
- Literary Sources of Ancient Philosophy — p.6
- The Environment of the Early Greek — p.7
1. Geographical Environment — p.7
2. Political Environment — p.7
- Native Tendencies of the Early Greek — p.9–11
(1) Development of Religion
(2) Reflections on Physical Events
(3) Interest in Human Conduct
- The Three Periods of Greek Philosophy — p.12
Chapter II. The Cosmological Period: The Philosophy of Nature — p.15
- Peril in the Greek Political Situation: Persia and Carthage — p.15
- Peril in the New Religion: The Mysteries and Pythagoras — p.16
- Characteristics of the Cosmologists — p.18
- Table of Cosmologists — p.20
- How the Philosophical Question Arose — p.20
- Map Showing the Cities Where the Cosmologists Lived — p.21
- Summary Comparison of the Monistic Philosophies — p.22
Key Figures
1. The Milesian School — p.24
- The Milesian Philosophy — p.25
2. Xenophanes, the Religious Philosopher — p.26
- The Philosophy of Xenophanes — p.27
3. Heracleitus, “The Misanthropist” and “The Obscure” — p.28
- Doctrine of Absolute and Universal Change — p.28
- Fire as the Cosmic Substance — p.29
- Definite Changes of Fire — p.30
- Practical Philosophy of Heracleitus — p.31
4. The Eleatic School — p.32
- Parmenides — p.32
(1) The Cosmic Substance is Being — p.33
(2) Other Things than the Cosmic Substance (Being) — p.34
Volume II — Modern Philosophy (1453–Present)
Chapter I. Characteristics and Divisions of the Modern Period — p.1
- Difficulty in the Study of Modern Philosophy — p.1
- Periods of Modern Philosophy — p.2
- Causes of the Decay of Medieval Civilization — p.4
(a) Internal Causes
1. Intellectual Methods Were Self-Destructive — p.4
2. Standard of Truth Became Double — p.5
3. Development of Mysticism — p.5
4. Doctrine of Nominalism — p.5
(b) External Causes — p.6
Chapter II. The Renaissance (1453–1690) — p.8
- General Character of the Renaissance — p.8
(a) The New Man of the Renaissance — p.8
(b) The New Universe of the Renaissance — p.9
1. Transformation of the Physical Universe — p.9
2. Restoration of the World of Antiquity — p.10
- Significance of the Renaissance in History — p.11
- Map Showing the Decentralization of Europe — p.13
- Two Periods of the Renaissance:
- Humanistic (1453–1600)
- Natural Science (1600–1690) — p.15
(a) Similarities of the Two Periods — p.16
(b) Differences Between the Two Periods — p.16
1. Countries Participating Differ Differently — p.16
2. Intellectual Standards Differ — p.17
3. Scientific Methods Differ — p.18
4. Church’s Attitude Toward Science Differs — p.19
- Brief Contrast and Summary — p.21
Chapter III. The Humanistic Period of the Renaissance (1453–1600) — p.22
- Representatives of the Humanistic Period — p.22
- Nicolas of Cusa (1401–1464) — p.24
- Paracelsus (1493–1541) — p.25
- Giordano Bruno (1548–1600) — p.27
- Map Showing Birthplaces of Chief Philosophers — p.30
Chapter IV. The Natural Science Period of the Renaissance (1600–1690) — p.31
- Philosophers of the Natural Science Period — p.31
- The Mathematical Astronomers — p.32
- Galileo Galilei (1564–1641) — p.36
- Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam (1561–1626) — p.39
- Life of Bacon — p.39
- Position in Philosophy — p.39
- Aim of Bacon — p.42
- Method of Bacon — p.43
(a) Criticism of the Past — p.44
(b) Positive Construction — p.45
- The English Natural Science Movement — p.46
- Thomas Hobbes and His Contemporaries — p.47
- Life and Writings of Hobbes (1588–1679) — p.49
1. As a Classical Scholar (1588–1628) — p.49
2. As a Mathematician (1628–1638) — p.49
the book details :
Author: Herbert Ernest Cushman
Publication date:1911
Company: Boston Houghton Mifflin
DownloadA beginner's history of philosophy 2 Volumes that we merged into one PDF file 35 Mb
DownloadA beginner's history of philosophy 2 Volumes that we merged into one PDF file 35 Mb